Quantitative samples were collected routinely and the number of immatures was recorded for each type of breeding medium. The stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans, resembles musca domestica but has a stout, black proboscis which is used to pierce the skin and imbibe blood. It has a broader abdomen than the house fly and there is a checkerboard of dark spots on the dorsum of the abdomen. A bimodal pattern of stable fly population dynamics was observed, both peaks occurring in early summer and fall. Stomoxys calcitrans definition of stomoxys calcitrans by. Chen veterinary toxicology and entomology research laboratory, agricultural research service, u. Stomoxys calcitrans as possible vector of trypanosoma evansi. The larva then forms a pupa inside the puparium figure 4. A fly that sucks the blood of domestic animals and humans. Isolation of enterobacter sakazakii from midgut of stomoxys. Stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans and other biting flies description and biology the stable fly is a common biting fly found inside and out of swine facilities. Experimental evidence of mechanical lumpy skin disease.
Habronema microstoma, dirofilaria repens to their hosts. However, another common habitat is intertidal strandlines, where this fly breeds in accumulated submerged aquatic vegetation and seaweeds. Physiological amino acids of the nervous system of the stable. Hence, the objective of this investigation was to detect the presence of dna from a. Hosted by the usgs core science analytics and synthesis. Stomoxys print iconographia zoologica special collections university of amsterdam ubainv0274 039 07 0010. Lsdv infection of acceptor animals by stomoxys calcitrans. Spatial distribution of stable fly stomoxys calcitrans. Muscidae are found in africa and the palearctic, but the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans l.
Jul 29, 2011 photographed at fisher, minnesota 29 july 2011. Both male and female stable flies feed on blood and they are often aggressive and persistent feeders. Stable flies are obligate blood feeders and primarily attack cattle and horses for a blood meal. Trypanosoma evansi, besnoitia besnoiti, and helminths e. They are grey with four long longitudinal stripes on the thorax, and with large black spots on the abdomen.
Pdf the stable fly stomoxys calcitrans has historically been a pest of dairy cattle and feedlots due to the availability of decaying plant matter. Muscidae, improve offspring fitness by avoiding oviposition substrates with competitors or parasites article pdf available january 2020 with. Smd1 differs from the classic defensin pattern in having an unusual sixamino acidlong nterminal sequence. In one vector experiment, calves and bovine leukemia virus blvinfected cows were housed with and without stable flies. Influence of temperature, humidity and rainfall on field. Stomoxys is a genus of flies in the family muscidae. Musca domestica y l fesuho musca autumnalis y l fecfa stomoxys calcitrans stable fly. Stomoxys niger marquart has also been described as a pest in parts of africa gilles et al. Stomoxys calcitrans is commonly called the stable fly, barn fly, biting house fly, dog fly, or power mower fly. Both male and female stable flies take 12 bloodmeals daily and are frequently observed resting in shaded areas while they digest their meal. Dec 27, 2019 lsdv infection of acceptor animals by stomoxys calcitrans. Experimental evidence of mechanical lumpy skin disease virus.
In rural areas, uncovered ensilage stacks are the main breeding sites. The third instar larval skin hardens to form a puparium that is reddishbrown and capsulelike. The genus is small, comprising a dozen or two described species, and current evidence. Data on the implication of the stable fly stomoxys calcitrans, diptera. We have cloned and sequenced two defensins, smd1 and smd2, from anterior midgut tissue of the bloodsucking fly stomoxys calcitrans. Stomoxys calcitrans is commonly called the stable fly, barn fly, biting house fly, dog fly, or power. Residency stomoxys calcitrans is predominantly terrestrial in its habits, and is known most commonly from barnyards, stables, etc.
Stomoxys calcitrans synonyms, stomoxys calcitrans pronunciation, stomoxys calcitrans translation, english dictionary definition of stomoxys calcitrans. The genus is unusual among the muscidae in that it includes species that are bloodsucking ectoparasites of mammals. This paper gives an overview of stable ny, stomoxys calcilmllol l. A proposal for tsetse fly glossina genome projects. The bestknown species is stomoxys calcitrans, most commonly known as the stable fly the genus is small, comprising a dozen or two described species, and current evidence suggests that it is paraphyletic as well. In the absence of these animal hosts, they will bite people and dogs. Experiments reported here were directed at 2 questions. Although the movement of stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans l. Feeding and breeding aspects of stomoxys calcitrans \diptera. Pdf stomoxys calcitrans, mechanical vector of virulent. Stomoxys calcitrans, stable fly, rearing, blood, sugar, survivorship. Aug 29, 20 stomoxys calcitrans is a cosmopolitan species. Stomoxys calcitrans wikispecies, free species directory. Stomoxys calcitrans stable fly female, arnhem, the netherlands.
Muscidae, improve offspring fitness by avoiding oviposition substrates with competitors or parasites article pdf available. Muscidae, is the most widely distributed, present in the western hemisphere as well as the socalled old world. West nile fever virus, rift valley fever virus, bacteria e. Stomoxys calcitrans, a fly of the family muscidae, order diptera. Counts of flies on front legs of cattle is a reliable monitoring tool. Stomoxys calcitrans smithsonian environmental research center. The seasonal dynamics of a stomoxys calcitrans population was evaluated, using vavoua traps, in a semiurban area located in southwestern france national veterinary school of toulouse where horse and cattle paddocks were available. Pdf stable fly biology and control in northwest florida. However potential vectors of trypanosoma evansi must be identi. Several generations are produced during the course of the summer. Now found worldwide, the species is considered to be of eurasian origin. Materials and methods stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans l.
The bestknown species is stomoxys calcitrans, most commonly known as the stable fly. Bacillus anthracis, pasteurella multocida, protozoans e. Animals free fulltext mechanical transmission of lumpy. Chemostimuli implicated in selection of oviposition. They are obligate bloodsucking insects and some species are considered significant economic pests of livestock and other warmblooded animals in many parts of the world. On a local scale utilization and excretion of blood meal sterols by the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans g. Ingestion, utilization and excretion of blood meal sterols by. Pdf stomoxys calcitrans diptera, muscidae is an important. Introduction the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans l. The assumption regarding the transmission of lsd by s. Stomoxys calcitrans and its importance in livestock bluepen journals. Stable fly is the most universally accepted common name but there are many others used to refer to this pest, including dog fly because of their preference for canine hosts, biting house fly because of their similarity in appearance to house flies, and powermower fly after a paper by ware 1966.
One nzi trap was placed on a camel farm located in the infected area for a period of one year. Widely distributed, it is found in abundance in direct proximity to domestic animals, both in stables and in pasture. View more articles from public health reports 18961970. Molecular detection of anaplasma marginale in stable flies. Evaluation of the stable fly stomoxys calcitrans as a. Stomoxys calcitrans is a cosmopolitan haematophagous fly that mechanically transmits viruses e. Stomoxys calcitrans diptera, muscidae is an important haematophagus fly which feeds on the blood. Stomoxys calcitrans l is a worldwide livestock pest and important economic losses are encountered when stable flies are present in large numbers campbell et al.
Stomoxys calcitrans has a high resemblance to musca domestica. The factors influencing seasonal dynamics and spatial. Rolled hay feeding sites are potential stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans l. Stomoxys calcitrans, seasonal distribution, climatic factors, dairy cattle. Stomoxys calcitrans article about stomoxys calcitrans by. Pdf stomoxys calcitrans and its importance in livestock. Transmission of pathogens by stomoxys flies diptera. Midgutspecific immune molecules are produced by the blood.
Page designed through the cooperative efforts of interagency itis teams. Lsdv transmission by stomoxys calcitrans was evidenced in 3 independent experiments table 2, fig. Transmission of pathogens by stomoxys flies diptera, muscidae. Susceptibility of two european strains of stomoxys calcitrans the. Muscidae, in the transmission of anaplasma marginale in tick free cattle is scarce. In conjunction, manual curation of over 1600 genes was. The dna and nterminal protein sequences suggest both are produced as prepropeptides.
Transmission of poliomyelitis by means of the stable fly stomoxys calcitrans is an article from public health reports 18961970, volume 27. Effect of larval density and substrate quality on the wing. It is common practice in uganda to house cattle during the hottest part of the day, between 11 a. Responses of the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans l. Stable fly, a comparator species for the tsetse project. High relative abundance of the stable fly stomoxys calcitrans is associated with lumpy skin disease outbreaks in.
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